关于DV场景的布光 

How to Light a Scene for Digital Video 怎样为一个DV的场景打光 Rules of Thumb to Light Up Your Life -摄像照明经验谈 Lighting is one of the most important elements to consider if you are thinking about making a video that will have people raving about it's picture quality. Otherwise you may find people wondering why your video has overexposed pieces and dark spots and fuzzy noise all over it. 如果你想人们为你制作的影片画面质量喝彩，那么打光是你需要考虑的一个重要因素。否则你会发现人们会在那里抱怨你的影片为什么会有曝光过度，黑点，或者讨厌的噪点而忽视了你拍的内容 The most common solution for picture quality problems is to control the light. CAMERAS LOVE LIGHT. Although I've seen the commercials about the video cameras with that special "night shot" feature that allows you to shoot in relatively pitch-black situations, I also am an owner of one of these cameras and it doesn't work too well in my opinion. The camera turns on an infrared shooting mode and your videos look like a scene during an army movie where the good guys have the Night Vision goggles and can see everything... not in true color, but in spotty blotches of bright green. You want to avoid these spotty blotches by using more light (unless your video calls for that infrared-like effect). Here are a couple ways to light your video: 而最常见的提高画面质量的方法是控制光。要记住DV喜欢光。虽然我也见过一些DV的广告声称他们有特殊的“夜摄”模式允许你在相对黑暗的环境中继续摄像，我本人也是这样的DV的拥有者，但是个人认为它在如此极端的环境中并不是工作的很好。每当你打开红外夜摄模式，你拍到的场景就会看着像一些军事题材的影片里的场景一样，好人能在晚上打开夜视仪看见所有的东西。。。但是并不是真实的色彩，而是一些绿色的斑点。你会想去掉这些讨厌的斑点（除非你要拍的影片需要这样的远红外效果）。下面是一些为你的影片打光的方法。 On Camera Lighting 摄像机自带光源 This approach is suited well for the hobbyist or wedding videographer that is concerned about the ease of lighting use/setup and ease of movement during the shoot. On camera lights come in a variety of shapes and sizes and can usually add a good amount of light to an otherwise dark scene. On camera lights are also very cheap and can be purchased virtually anywhere. 这种手段可以很好的满足考虑光源在拍摄时的设置，使用和移动的简易性的一般爱好者或者婚礼拍摄者。摄影集自带的光源有多种不同的形状和尺寸，一般情况下能够提供足够数量的照明。这样的摄影灯十分便宜并且几乎在任何地方都能买到。 3 Point Lighting 三点照明。 This is the way most professionals light video and films. One light comes in and covers the left hand side of the subjects face. The other light is softer and fills the shadows created by the first light. The first light is called a Key Light and the shadow-filling light is called a Fill Light. A third light can also be used to create a feeling of depth (Backlight or Kicker light). Check out the picture below. The reporter is in Orange and the Interviewee is in Blue. Examples of a fill and key light are shown below, as well as a worklight that can be used for low-budget situations. From left to right - Lowel Omni Light $145, Lowel Tota Light $120, Work Light $20. As always, experiment before the shoot to see what works best for your camera and situation. 这是一种许多专业人士在拍摄电影和DV时采用的方法。一个灯打出的光覆盖主体的左边表面。另一个柔光源填补第一个光源造成的阴影。第一个光源称作主光源（Key Light）,填补阴影的光源称作填补光源（Fill Lights）.第三个灯能够用来创造出画面深度的感觉（背光Backlight 或者Kicker light）。参考下面的图片。记者穿黄色衣服，被访问者穿蓝色衣服。主灯和填补灯如图示。从上到下，Lowel Omni 灯，售价145美金，Lowel Tota 灯，售价120美金。还有一种适合低成本制作环境的工作灯，售价20美金（原文的图片连接失效，没有图片）。选用灯具时应该在拍摄之前试一试，看看哪种灯适合你的摄影机和拍摄环境。 [upload=gif]UploadFile/20045121534214659.gif[/upload][upload=jpg]UploadFile/20045121534854957.jpg[/upload][upload=jpg]UploadFile/20045121535490551.jpg[/upload] Ambient Lighting 环境光照明 A window can usually be substituted for a fill if the interviewee is placed in the right location. The correct angle should be maintained in order to get the best quality. You should have a monitor onsite (or a good LCD screen) to see what your camera sees. 在室内拍摄时，如果被访者（DV摄像上来说是被拍摄的主体，译者注）被放在一个合适的位置时，一个窗口的自然光一般来说能够充当补光光源。当然，应该保持合适的角度以求获得最好的效果。你应该在拍摄现场配备一个监视器（或者一个高质量的LCD屏幕）来监视你的摄影机拍摄的效果。 Outside shots are tricky unless the harshness of the sun can be harnessed and controlled. One way pro's do this is to use a giant silkscreen in between the sun and the subject to get a softer effect. You can also wait until the optimal times for video lighting which are at dusk and dawn when the sun is low and colors are their truest. 而室外的拍摄方面，除非你能够很好的控制刺眼的阳光，要不就比室内拍摄来得困难的多了。一般专业摄影师会用在阳光和被摄主体之间加一个遮光罩来得到柔化的效果。另一个消极的做法是等待傍晚或者阳光昏暗这些物体展现他们真实色彩的最佳摄像时机。 Other Tricks 其他技巧 1. Buy a piece of foamcore at your art supply store or office supply store. White foamcore can be used to bounce the key light back onto the subject. The foamcore board should be positioned at about the same place as the fill light in the above diagram. 1. 在艺术用品店或者办公用品店买一块泡沫塑料板。白色的泡沫塑料可以把主灯光反弹回被摄主体上。这块泡沫塑料板应该放在上图所示的补光灯差不多的位置。 2. White balance your camera is if does not white balance automatically. This is done with the foamcore board or a piece of paper to indicate to your camera what "true white" should be. 2.如果你的摄像机自动白平衡不理想，你应该手动白平衡你的摄像机。这件事可以利用你的泡沫塑料板或者一张白纸来指示你的摄像机什么是在这个环境下的真正的白色。（这个问题应该有关色温方面的问题，是另一个问题了，这里就不详细说明，坛子里以前有DX发过专门的帖子讲，说实话，原理方面我还是一头雾水。译者注） 3. Use a light spectrometer if going pro. Everything can be measured in terms of color temperatures and this instrument can help you determine your current level. A candle has a temp of 1900 Kelvins, a 60-watt household lamp has a temp of 2800 Kelvins. Midday sun has a temp of 5600 Kelvins. A professional light (like a Lowel above) gives a temperature around 3200 Kelvins. 3. 如果你要进一步做得更专业，你应该拥有一个分光计。有了这个，任何环境都可以用色温来衡量，这个仪器可以帮助你衡量现在的色温等级。烛光的色温是1900开氏温标。一个60瓦家用灯泡的色温是2800开氏温标。正午的阳光色温是5600开氏温标。而一个专业的照明灯（如上图所示的Lowel灯）色温就是3200开氏温标。